Bagaimana cara kerja sistem AC sehingga mampu memberikan efek pendingin dalam ruangan Anda? AC alias Air Conditioner alias Pengkondision Udara merupakan seperangkat alat (komponen) yang mampu mengkondisikan ruangan yang kita inginkan, terutama mengkondisikan ruangan menjadi lebih rendah suhunya dibanding suhu lingkungan sekitarnya. Seperti AC Daikin misalnya mampu bekerja secara optimal
Komponen Cara Kerja Sistem AC Ruangan
Seperangkat alat atau komponen AC tersebut diantaranya kompresor, kondensor, orifice tube, evaporator, katup ekspansi, dan evaporator dengan penjelasan sebagai berikut :
Kompresor
Kompresor adalah power unit dari sistem sebuah AC. Ketika AC dijalankan, kompresor mengubah fluida kerja/refrigent berupa gas dari yang bertekanan rendah menjadi gas yang bertekanan tinggi. Gas bertekanan tinggi kemudian diteruskan menuju kondensor.
Kondensor
Kondensor adalah sebuah alat yang digunakan untuk mengubah/mendinginkan gas yang bertekanan tinggi berubah menjadi cairan yang bertekanan tinggi. Cairan lalu dialirkan ke orifice tube.
Orifice Tube
di mana cairan bertekanan tinggi diturunkan tekanan dan suhunya menjadi cairan dingin bertekanan rendah. Dalam beberapa sistem, selain memasang sebuah orifice tube, dipasang juga katup ekspansi.
Katup ekspansi
Katup ekspansi, merupakan komponen terpenting dari sistem. Ini dirancang untuk mengontrol aliran cairan pendingin melalui katup orifice yang merubah wujud cairan menjadi uap ketika zat pendingin meninggalkan katup pemuaian dan memasuki evaporator/pendingin
Evaporator/pendingin
refrigent menyerap panas dalam ruangan melalui kumparan pendingin dan kipas evaporator meniupkan udara dingin ke dalam ruangan. Refrigent dalam evaporator mulai berubah kembali menjadi uap bertekanan rendah, tapi masih mengandung sedikit cairan.
Campuran refrigent kemudian masuk ke akumulator / pengering. Ini juga dapat berlaku seperti mulut/orifice kedua bagi cairan yang berubah menjadi uap bertekanan rendah yang murni, sebelum melalui kompresor untuk memperoleh tekanan dan beredar dalam sistem lagi.
Biasanya, evaporator dipasangi silikon yang berfungsi untuk menyerap kelembapan dari refrigent.
Uraian Cara Kerja Sistem AC Ruangan
Kompresor yang ada pada sistem pendingin dipergunakan sebagai alat untuk memampatkan fluida kerja (refrigent), jadi refrigent yang masuk ke dalam kompresor dialirkan ke condenser yang kemudian dimampatkan di kondenser.
Di bagian kondenser ini refrigent yang dimampatkan akan berubah fase dari refrigent fase uap menjadi refrigent fase cair, maka refrigent mengeluarkan kalor yaitu kalor penguapan yang terkandung di dalam refrigent.
Adapun besarnya kalor yang dilepaskan oleh kondenser adalah jumlahan dari energi kompresor yang diperlukan dan energi kalor yang diambil evaparator dari substansi yang akan didinginkan.
Pada kondensor tekanan refrigent yang berada dalam pipa-pipa kondenser relatif jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tekanan refrigent yang berada pada pipi-pipa evaporator.
Setelah refrigent lewat kondenser dan melepaskan kalor penguapan dari fase uap ke fase cair maka refrigent dilewatkan melalui katup ekspansi, pada katup ekspansi ini refrigent tekanannya diturunkan sehingga refrigent berubah kondisi dari fase cair ke fase uap yang kemudian dialirkan ke evaporator.
Di dalam evaporator ini refrigent akan berubah keadaannya dari fase cair ke fase uap, perubahan fase ini disebabkan karena tekanan refrigent dibuat sedemikian rupa sehingga refrigent setelah melewati katup ekspansi dan melalui evaporator tekanannya menjadi sangat turun.
Hal ini secara praktis dapat dilakukan dengan jalan diameter pipa yang ada dievaporator relatif lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan diameter pipa yang ada pada kondenser.
Dengan adanya perubahan kondisi refrigent dari fase cair ke fase uap maka untuk merubahnya dari fase cair ke refrigent fase uap maka proses ini membutuhkan energi yaitu energi penguapan, dalam hal ini energi yang dipergunakan adalah energi yang berada di dalam substansi yang akan didinginkan.
Dengan diambilnya energi yang diambil dalam substansi yang akan didinginkan maka enthalpi [*] substansi yang akan didinginkan akan menjadi turun, dengan turunnya enthalpi maka temperatur dari substansi yang akan didinginkan akan menjadi turun.
Proses ini akan berubah terus-menerus sampai terjadi pendinginan yang sesuai dengan keinginan.
Dengan adanya mesin pendingin listrik ini maka untuk mendinginkan atau menurunkan temperatur suatu substansi dapat dengan mudah dilakukan.
Perlu diketahui :
Kunci utama dari AC adalah refrigerant, yang umumnya adalah fluorocarbon [**], yang mengalir dalam sistem, menjadi cairan dan melepaskan panas saat dipompa (diberi tekanan), dan menjadi gas dan menyerap panas ketika tekanan dikurangi.
Mekanisme berubahnya refrigerant menjadi cairan lalu gas dengan memberi atau mengurangi tekanan terbagi mejadi dua area: sebuah penyaring udara, kipas, dan cooling coil (kumparan pendingin) yang ada pada sisi ruangan dan sebuah kompresor (pompa), condenser coil (kumparan penukar panas), dan kipas pada jendela luar.
Udara panas dari ruangan melewati filter, menuju ke cooling coil yang berisi cairan refrigerant yang dingin, sehingga udara menjadi dingin, lalu melalui teralis/kisi-kisi kembali ke dalam ruangan.
Pada kompresor, gas refrigerant dari cooling coil lalu dipanaskan dengan cara pengompresan. Pada condenser coil, refrigerant melepaskan panas dan menjadi cairan, yang tersirkulasi kembali ke cooling coil. Sebuah thermostat [***] mengontrol motor kompresor untuk mengatur suhu ruangan.
[*] Entalphi adalah istilah dalam termodinamika yang menyatakan jumlah energi internal dari suatu sistem termodinamika ditambah energi yang digunakan untuk melakukan kerja.
[**] Fluorocarbon adalah senyawa organik yang mengandung 1 atau lebih atom Fluorine. Lebih dari 100 fluorocarbon yang telah ditemukan. Kelompok Freon dari fluorocarbon terdiri dari Freon-11 (CCl3F) yang digunakan sebagai bahan aerosol, dan Freon-12 (CCl2F2), umumnya digunakan sebagai bahan refrigerant. Saat ini, freon dianggap sebagai salah satu penyebab lapisan Ozon Bumi menajdi lubang dan menyebabkan sinar UV masuk. Walaupun, hal tersebut belum terbukti sepenuhnya, produksi fluorocarbon mulai dikurangi.
[***] Thermostat pada AC beroperasi dengan menggunakan
lempeng bimetal yang peka terhadap perubahan suhu ruangan. Lempeng ini terbuat dari 2 metal yang memiliki koefisien pemuaian yang berbeda. Ketika temperatur naik, metal terluar memuai lebih dahulu, sehingga lempeng membengkok dan akhirnya menyentuh sirkuit listrik yang menyebabkan motor AC aktif/jalan.
Demikian cara kerja sistem AC yang dalam ruangan atau rumah Anda. Jika butuh unit AC, kami CV ASTRO, sebagai salah satu dealer resmi Daikin Indonesia siap bekerjasama untuk pengadaan dan instalasi unit.
Silakan hubungi kami dibawah ini:
thanks for the article..tremendous review.great worked! now i deeply understand about duct air conditioner.i try to figure out lately until i find your blog.god bless u..i will bookmark your site
Thank you ….
Bner gua krja ac siapa yang mau cuci ac sama boos gua entra ksi no hp boos gua …….?
Pt ac citayam
Klo pengan cuci ac sama saya entra ksi no hp bos …..?
Karakteristik sistem kedali ac gimana?
Bagus bingit nih.info nya..kalo dapat proyek dari astro mantab nih..boleh.gan.klo mau mampir ke blog ane
Usaha ane juga di
Proyek pemasang ac
Maintenance ac
Perbaikan segala macam kerusakan ac
Cleaning kontra/ kontrak
thanks sangat bermanfaat. saat ini saya punya problem. apa penyebab tekanan di jalur high press terlalu tinggi. refigerant yg saya pakai R 410 a. thank you
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